MySQL双机热备份环境搭建

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双机热备份的特点是任一台数据库均可作为主机，另一台作为从机冗余备份，在某一时刻保证有且仅有一台主机接收数据库系统外部请求。

一、环境准备

1.两台能联网的 Ubuntu 16.04
2.安装MySQL 5.7
root用户下：

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apt update
apt install mysql-server mysql-client

安装成功后通过mysql -uroot -p 进入mysql终端：

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USE mysql;
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '密码' WITH GRANT OPTION; # 将密码处替换为root密码
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

3.安装Keepalived

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apt update
apt install libssl-dev openssl libpopt-dev
apt install libnl-3-dev libnl-genl-3-dev
apt install daemon libc-dev libnfnetlink-dev keepalived

vim /etc/rsyslog.d/50-default.conf

取消下列配置的注释

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*.=info;*.=notice;*.=warn;\
        auth,authpriv.none;\
        cron,daemon.none;\
        mail,news.none          -/var/log/messages
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cp /usr/share/doc/keepalived/samples/keepalived.conf.sample /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

二、 配置主从复制

配置节点1

vim /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf

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[mysqld]
# bind-address = 127.0.0.1

# The following can be used as easy to replay backup logs or for replication.
# note: if you are setting up a replication slave, see README.Debian about
#       other settings you may need to change.
server-id       = 1     # 节点ID
log_bin         = /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.log  # 日志
binlog_format   = "ROW" # 日志格式
auto_increment_increment = 2    # 自增ID间隔（=节点数，防止ID冲突）
auto_increment_offset   = 1     # 自增ID起始值（节点ID）
#binlog_do_db           = include_database_name
binlog_ignore_db        = mysql # 不用于同步的数据库
binlog_ignore_db        = information_schema # 同上
binlog_ignore_db        = performance_schema # 同上
binlog_ignore_db        = sys   # 同上

重启mysql ： service mysql restart 后进入MySQL：

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mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+-------------------------------------------------+-------------------+
| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB                                | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+-------------------------------------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000001 |      154 |              | mysql,information_schema,performance_schema,sys |                   |
+------------------+----------+--------------+-------------------------------------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

配置节点2

vim /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf

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[mysqld]
#bind-address           = 127.0.0.1
server-id       = 2     # 节点ID
log_bin         = /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.log  # 日志
relay_log       = /var/log/mysql/mysql-relay-bin.log    # 中继日志
log_slave_updates       = ON    # 中继日志执行后，变化计入日志
read_only       = 0
binlog_format   = "ROW" # 日志格式
auto_increment_increment = 2    # 自增ID间隔（=节点数，防止ID冲突）
auto_increment_offset   = 2     # 自增ID起始值（节点ID）
#binlog_do_db           = include_database_name
binlog_ignore_db        = mysql # 不用于同步的数据库
binlog_ignore_db        = information_schema # 同上
binlog_ignore_db        = performance_schema # 同上
binlog_ignore_db        = sys   # 同上
replicate_ignore_db     = mysql # 不用于同步的数据库
replicate_ignore_db     = information_schema # 同上
replicate_ignore_db     = performance_schema # 同上
replicate_ignore_db     = sys   # 同上

service mysql restart重启服务后进入MySQL终端：

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CHANGE MASTER TO
       MASTER_HOST='192.168.179.86', 
       MASTER_USER='root', 
       MASTER_PASSWORD='ustb_scce', 
       MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001', 
       MASTER_LOG_POS=154;

显示 Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.03 sec)
开启主从同步并查看节点2状态：

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start slave;   
show slave status\G

注意观察Slave_IO_Running和Slave_SQL_Running需要均为Yes

测试主从

从其他地方找一个库dump下来： mysqldump -uroot cs_notes > create-cs_notes.sql -p
在节点1机器上创建库 create database cs_notes;
然后导入文件 mysql -uroot cs_notes < create-cs_notes.sql -p
可以在节点1和节点2都观察到数据库表文件的更新

三、Keepalived配置虚拟IP实现双主节点

在云管理平台为2个节点分配内网虚拟IP，如172.16.10.15。
节点1keepalived配置

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global_defs {
   notification_email {
     root@localhost
   }
   notification_email_from node07_keepalived@localhost
   smtp_server 127.0.0.1
   smtp_connect_timeout 30
   router_id node07 # 主机名
}

vrrp_script chk_mysql_port {	# 检测mysql服务是否在运行
    script "/opt/chk_mysql.sh"	# 这里通过运行脚本检测
    interval 2			# 脚本执行间隔2s
    weight -5			# 脚本结果导致的优先级变更，检测失败（脚本返回非0）则优先级-5
    fall 2			# 连续2次检测失败才算
    rise 1			# 检测1次成功就算成功
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER    # 节点1
    interface eth0  # 绑定虚拟IP的网络接口
    mcast_src_ip 192.168.179.86
    virtual_router_id 51 # VRRP组名，两个节点的设置必须一样，以指明各个节点属于同一VRRP组
    priority 101    # 节点1的优先级，越大优先级越高，节点2的优先级比这个低一点
    advert_int 1    # 组播消息发送间隔，两个节点必须设置一样
    authentication {	# 设置验证信息，两个节点必须一致
	auth_type PASS
	auth_pass test1234
    }
    virtual_ipaddress { # 指定虚拟IP，两个节点必须设置一样
        172.16.10.15
    }
    notify_master "/etc/keepalived/mail_notify.sh master"
    notify_backup "/etc/keepalived/mail_notify.sh backup"
    notify_fault "/etc/keepalived/mail_notify.sh fault"
    track_script {
	chk_mysql_port
    }
}

节点2 keepalived配置：

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global_defs {
   notification_email {
     root@localhost
   }
   notification_email_from node08_keepalived@localhost
   smtp_server 127.0.0.1
   smtp_connect_timeout 30
   router_id node08 # 主机名
}

vrrp_script chk_mysql_port {    # 检测mysql服务是否在运行
    script "/opt/chk_mysql.sh"  # 这里通过运行脚本检测
    interval 2                  # 脚本执行间隔2s
    weight -5                   # 脚本结果导致的优先级变更，检测失败（脚本返回非0）则优先级-5
    fall 2                      # 连续2次检测失败才算
    rise 1                      # 检测1次成功就算成功
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP    # 两台配置节点均为BACKUP
    interface eth0  # 绑定虚拟IP的网络接口
    mcast_src_ip    192.168.179.85
    virtual_router_id 51 # VRRP组名，两个节点的设置必须一样，以指明各个节点属于同一VRRP组
    priority 99	    # 节点1的优先级，节点2的优先级比这个低一点
    advert_int 1    # 组播消息发送间隔，两个节点必须设置一样
    authentication {	# 设置验证信息，两个节点必须一致
	auth_type PASS
	auth_pass test1234
    }
    virtual_ipaddress { # 指定虚拟IP，两个节点必须设置一样
        172.16.10.15
    }
    notify_master "/etc/keepalived/mail_notify.sh master"
    notify_backup "/etc/keepalived/mail_notify.sh backup"
    notify_fault "/etc/keepalived/mail_notify.sh fault"
    track_script {
	chk_mysql_port
    }
}

vim /opt/chk_mysql.sh

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#!/bin/bash
counter=$(netstat -na|grep "LISTEN"|grep "3306"|wc -l)
if [ "${counter}" -eq 0 ]; then
    /etc/init.d/keepalived stop
fi
``

编写异常处理脚本，复制到两台机器
> vim /etc/keepalived/mail_notify.sh

```shell
#!/bin/bash

contact1='yaoqijun@xs.ustb.edu.cn'
contact2='wenyoupeng@xs.ustb.edu.cn'
notify() {
    local mailsubject="$(hostname) to be $1, vip floating"
    local mailbody="$(date +'%F %T'): vrrp transition, $(hostname) changed to be $1"
    echo "$mailbody" | mail -s "$mailsubject" $contact1
    echo "$mailbody" | mail -s "$mailsubject" $contact2
}

case $1 in
master)
    notify master
    ;;
backup)
    notify backup
    ;;
fault)
    notify fault
    ;;
*)
    echo "Usage: $(basename $0) {master|backup|fault}"
    exit 1
    ;;
esac

退出后分配权限： chmod +x /etc/keepalived/mail_notify.sh

四、配置报警邮件通知

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apt install mailutils

测试发送：

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echo "test email" | sendmail <email_addr>

读邮件操作：

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mail
t *
q

配置SMTP服务器，这里以QQ邮箱为例：
enable_smtp.png

get_auth.png

vim /etc/mail.rc

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set from=用于发送邮箱
set smtp=smtp.qq.com
set smtp-auth-user=用于发送的邮箱
set smtp-auth-password=认证密码
set smtp-auth=login
set ssl-verify=ignore
#MySQL #数据库 #Ubuntu
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